What characterizes a hostile witness during a trial?

A hostile witness is typically characterized by a demeanor or attitude that is uncooperative or adversarial toward the side that called them to testify. In legal terms, when a witness exhibits signs of hostility, such as reluctance to answer questions or providing evasive responses, the opposing party may request permission to cross-examine that witness. This allows the attorney to directly confront the witness and challenge their credibility or the reliability of their testimony. Cross-examination can reveal biases or inconsistencies, making it a crucial aspect of the trial process when dealing with a hostile witness.

In contrast, a witness who is cooperative and friendly does not fit the hostile designation, nor does a witness whose testimony is irrelevant have any substantial impact on the trial proceedings. The presence of a witness brought by the opposing party does not automatically qualify them as hostile; they may simply present their testimony without animosity. Therefore, the ability to cross-examine for bias is what distinguishes a hostile witness during a trial.