What does 'in personam' mean?

'In personam' is a Latin term that translates to "against a person." It refers to a type of jurisdiction or legal action that is directed toward a specific individual rather than an entity or property. This concept is commonly utilized in legal contexts to indicate that the court has the authority to make a ruling that directly affects a person's rights, responsibilities, or liabilities.

When a court exercises in personam jurisdiction, it means that the legal action taken is directly aimed at an individual, obligating them to comply with the court's decision or face legal consequences. This is essential in cases such as personal injury lawsuits, contract disputes, or family law matters, where the court seeks to hold a specific person accountable.

Understanding this term is crucial for legal professionals, particularly court reporters and those involved in the judicial process, as it shapes how cases are approached and resolved in the legal system.