What does ophthalmology specialize in?

Ophthalmology is a branch of medicine that focuses on the diagnosis and treatment of conditions and diseases of the eye. This specialty involves a comprehensive understanding of the complex structures of the eye, as well as the visual system, and encompasses various aspects such as the prevention and management of ocular diseases, surgical procedures like cataract surgery, and corrective measures for visual impairments. The training of ophthalmologists includes a thorough education in both medical and surgical techniques related to eye care. This is why the answer pertaining to the diagnosis and treatment of conditions and diseases of the eye is the correct choice.

The other options relate to different medical specialties: disorders of the skeletal system relate to orthopedics, respiratory illnesses are managed by pulmonology, and hormonal imbalances are studied in endocrinology. Each of these fields focuses on distinct areas of human health, making them unrelated to the specialty of ophthalmology.