What does the term "nisi prius" refer to in legal context?

The term "nisi prius" specifically refers to a trial court where cases are initially tried, often in front of a jury. This Latin term translates to "unless before," indicating proceedings that take place before a higher court, typically in the context of common law jurisdictions. In this setting, "nisi prius" courts have the authority to hear civil and criminal cases, rendering verdicts based on the evidence presented at trial.

The other choices do not align with the definition of "nisi prius." An appellate court focuses on reviewing decisions made by lower courts rather than conducting trials. A court that only hears civil cases does not encompass the full range of adjudication that can occur in a nisi prius court, which may handle both civil and criminal matters. Additionally, the concept of a mediation process is distinct from court proceedings, as mediation is a form of alternative dispute resolution and does not involve judges or trials.