What is one effect of spondylosis?

Spondylosis is a degenerative condition affecting the spinal discs and joints, often associated with age-related changes in the spine. One of the primary effects of spondylosis is pain and stiffness in the spine. As the intervertebral discs lose hydration and elasticity, and as bone spurs may form, this can lead to a decrease in the range of motion of the vertebrae, resulting in discomfort and rigidity. This pain can be due to inflammation, nerve root compression, or muscle spasms that develop in response to the degenerative changes, further contributing to the overall stiffness in the area.

In contrast, the other options do not reflect conditions typically associated with spondylosis. For instance, increased spinal flexibility and improved posture are not effects of spondylosis; rather, the condition generally leads to reduced flexibility and potential postural issues. Additionally, reduction of spinal curves is not a characteristic effect; the changes associated with spondylosis can cause alterations in spinal alignment but do not straightforwardly result in a reduction of curves. Hence, the correct answer pinpoints the expected experience of individuals diagnosed with spondylosis, highlighting the prevalent pain and stiffness.