What is the definition of "subpoena"?

A subpoena is indeed defined as an order issued by a court commanding an individual to appear as a witness in a legal proceeding or to produce certain evidence in that proceeding. The term itself originates from Latin, where it means "under penalty," highlighting that there are legal repercussions for failing to comply with the order. This legal tool ensures that parties can gather necessary testimony or documents for their cases, which is crucial for the judicial process.

The other options do not accurately capture the essence of a subpoena. A request for documents refers specifically to discovery requests, which seek evidence but do not compel someone to testify. A formal document filed to initiate a lawsuit pertains to a complaint or petition, which starts legal action but does not involve the appearance of witnesses. An informal request for evidence does not carry the same legal weight or requirement for compliance as a subpoena does.