What is the role of an "amicus curiae"?

The role of an "amicus curiae," which translates to "friend of the court" in Latin, is to provide information, expertise, or insights to the court on a particular case, even though the amicus is not a party to the case. This can help the court understand broader implications, legal principles, or specific nuances that may not be fully represented by the parties involved. Amicus curiae briefs often come into play in cases that could have significant effects outside the immediate parties, such as in matters of public interest or cases that set a precedent.

Individuals and organizations might file amicus briefs to support one side or to provide the court with a perspective that might help in its decision-making process. This can be common in appellate cases, especially in areas of law that involve complex technical or societal issues.

In contrast, being a party involved in the case represents a direct stake, a judge has authority over the proceedings and does not provide external input in the form of a brief, and a plaintiff is someone who initiates a lawsuit. Each of these roles involves direct participation in a legal proceeding, whereas an amicus curiae serves in a supportive, informative capacity without being part of the litigation itself.