Which of the following most accurately describes “false swearing”?

The term "false swearing" specifically refers to the act of willfully providing false information while under oath, which is precisely what perjury embodies. Perjury is a serious offense that involves an individual knowingly making untrue statements during legal proceedings or while testifying, thus violating the integrity of the oath taken to tell the truth. This concept is critical in maintaining the credibility and reliability of legal testimonies, and any deviation from the truth in such contexts undermines the judicial process.

The other options, while potentially related to dishonesty or deception within a legal framework, do not align as closely with the definition of false swearing. Failing to testify does not involve providing false information but rather an absence of testimony. Misleading a judge could involve various forms of deception but does not necessarily entail taking an oath, and withholding evidence relates to not disclosing certain information, which does not fit the definition of making false statements.